In October 2005, HE Dr. Mohamed El Baradei and the International Atomic Energy Agency were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way." As Director General Emeritus of the IAEA, he has been a staff member since 1984 and has held a number of high-level policy positions, including that of Legal Adviser and subsequently Assistant Director General for External Relations. He began his career in the Egyptian Diplomatic Service in 1964, serving in the Permanent Missions of Egypt to the UN in New York and Geneva. Since then, he has lectured widely in the fields of international law, international organizations, arms control and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and he is the author of various articles and books on these subjects. He has received multiple other awards and honorary degrees for his work as a public servant and as an advocate of tolerance, humanity and freedom. Mohamed holds a Bachelor’s degree in Law from the University of Cairo, and a Doctorate in International Law from New York University School of Law.